第二,既有文献倾向于聚焦在造成中美之间意识形态分歧的一些具体议题上,比如人权、宗教、西藏、新疆、香港等议题。①比如,罗艳华认为,中美两国在社会制度和意识形态上的不同、两国社会经济发展水平的巨大差异、不同的文化传统和历史经历,使得中美之间的人权之争具有长期性、复杂性和矛盾性的特点。②就宗教因素而言,徐以骅认为,其在中美关系中具有两面性:"一方面可以是敌对势力渗透的载体,另一方面也是民间友好交往的纽带;一方面是发展两国关系的障碍甚至是冲突引爆点,另一方面则是加强两国民心相通以及夯实民意基础的有效途径。" ③
【-逻*辑*与-】quot;战略竞争【-逻*辑*与-】quot;【-逻*辑*与-】quot;大国竞争【-逻*辑*与-】quot;等是美国方面的说法,中国方面并没有采用。但是面对美方咄咄逼人的竞争战略及其对中美关系带来的冲击,中方也不得不做出相应调整进行应对。另一方面,尽管与中国竞争已经基本成为美国国内共识,但是对于如何竞争以及竞争的最终目标,美国国内看法远未达成一致。参见:Kurt M. Campbell and Jake Sullivan,【-逻*辑*与-】quot;Competition Without Catastrophe: How America Can Both Challenge and Coexist With China,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; Foreign Affairs, Vol. 98, No. 5, 2019, pp. 96-111; Jonathan D. Pollack and Jeffrey A. Bader,【-逻*辑*与-】quot;Looking before We Leap: Weighing the Risks of U.S.-China Disengagement,【-逻*辑*与-】quot;the Brookings Institution, July 2019, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/FP_20190716_us_china_pollack_bader.pdf,访问时间:2019年12月10日;Melanie Hart and Kelly Magsamen,【-逻*辑*与-】quot;Limit, Leverage, and Compete: A New Strategy on China,【-逻*辑*与-】quot;Center for American Progress, April 3, 2019, https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/security/reports/2019/04/03/468136/limit-leverage-compete-new-strategy-china/,访问时间:2019年12月10日。
Lee Hsien Loong, Keynote Address at the IISS Shangri-La Dialogue 2019, May 31, 2019, https://www.pmo.gov.sg/Newsroom/PM-Lee-Hsien-Loong-at-the-IISS-Shangri-La-Dialogue-2019,访问时间:2019年12月10日;Kevin Rudd, Helen Clark and Carl Bildt, 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;Former World Leaders: The Trade War Threatens the World【-逻*辑*与-】apos;s Economy,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; New York Times, October 11, 2019.
Kenneth Lieberthal and Wang Jisi, Addressing U.S.-China Strategic Distrust(Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 2012), p.35.
Graham Allison, Destined for War: Can America and China Escape Thucydides【-逻*辑*与-】apos; Trap? (New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2017), pp. 142-145.
Ronald Reagan, 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;Remarks at Fudan University in Shanghai, China,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; April 30, 1984, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/research/speeches/43084e,访问时间:2019年12月10日。
Richard B. Thomas, 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;A Letter from the Publisher,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; Time Magazine, Vol. 127, No.1, 1986, p.4.
Ronald Reagan, 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;Remarks upon Returning from China,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; May 1, 1984, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/research/speeches/50184c,访问时间:2019年12月10日。
Harry Harding, A Fragile Relationship: The United States and China since 1972 (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1992), p.213.
White House Television (WHTV), 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;President Clinton 【-逻*辑*与-】amp; President Jiang at Joint Press Conference (1997),【-逻*辑*与-】quot; October 29, 1997, Clinton Digital Library, https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/15880,访问时间:2019年12月10日;【-逻*辑*与-】quot;President Clinton and President Jiang Zemin News Conference in Beijing,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; June 27, 1998, https://china.usc.edu/president-clinton-and-president-jiang-zemin-江泽民-news-conference-beijing-1998,访问时间:2019年12月10日。
Bill Clinton, 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;Remarks by the President in Address on China and the National Interest,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; Washington, DC: Voice of America, October 24, 1997, https://clintonwhite house4.archives.gov/WH/New/html/19971024-3863.html,访问时间:2019年12月10日;Warren Christopher, 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;American Interests and the U.S.-China Relationship,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; New York: Asia Society, the Council of Foreign Relations, and the National Committee on U.S.-China Relations, May 17, 1996, https://1997-2001.state.gov/current/debate/96517qa. html,访问时间:2019年12月10日。
George W. Bush, 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;The President【-逻*辑*与-】apos;s State of the Union Address,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; Washington, DC: the United States Capitol, January 29, 2002, https://georgewbush-whitehouse. archives.gov/news/releases/2002/01/20020129-11.html,访问时间:2019年12月10日。
The White House, The National Security Strategy of the United States of America, Washington, DC, November 2002, https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives. gov/nsc/nss/2002/,访问时间:2019年12月10日。
Shirley Kan, 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;U.S.-China Counter-Terrorism Cooperation: Issues for U.S. Policy,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; CRS Report for Congress , Congressional Research Service, December 7, 2004.
Robert B. Zoellick, U.S. Deputy Secretary of State, 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;Whither China: From Membership to Responsibility?【-逻*辑*与-】quot; New York: National Committee on U.S.-China Relations, September 21, 2005.
戴秉国:《战略对话:戴秉国回忆录》,北京:人民出版社、世界知识出版社,2016年,第113—149页;Thomas J. Christensen, The China Challenge: Shaping the Choices of a Rising Power (New York: W.W. Norton 【-逻*辑*与-】amp; Company, 2011), pp.216-241.
George W. Bush, Decision Points (New York: Crown Publishers, 2010), p.427.
Robert B. Zoellick, U. S. Deputy Secretary of State, 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;Whither China: From Membership to Responsibility?【-逻*辑*与-】quot; New York: National Committee on U.S.-China Relations, September 21, 2005.
Condoleezza Rice, No Higher Honor: A Memoir of My Years in Washington(New York: Crown Publishers, 2011), p. 645.
Derek Chollet, The Long Game: How Obama Defied Washington and Redefined America【-逻*辑*与-】apos;s Role in the World (New York: Public Affairs, 2016), p. 102.
对美国对华政策大辩论的总结,参见:陶文钊:《美国对华政策大辩论》,《现代国际关系》2016年第1期,第19—28页;Aaron Friedberg,【-逻*辑*与-】quot;The Debate over U.S. China Strategy,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; Survival, Vol. 57, No.3, 2015, pp.89-110.
James Mann, 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;Behold China,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; The New Republic, March 17, 2010, https://newrepublic.com/article/73808/behold-china,访问时间:2019年12月10日;The China Fantasy: How Our Leaders Explain Away Chinese Repression (New York: Viking Penguin, 2007).
Elizabeth C. Economy, The Third Revolution : Xi Jinping and the New Chinese State (New York: Oxford University Press, 2018), Chapter 4.
Office of the Press Secretary of the White House, 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;Remarks by President Barack Obama at Town Hall Meeting with Future Chinese Leaders,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; November 16, 2009, https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/remarks-president-barack-obama-town-hall-meeting-with-future-chinese-leaders,访问时间:2019年12月10日。
CNN, 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;Clinton: Chinese Human Rights Can【-逻*辑*与-】apos;t Interfere with Other Crises," February 21, 2009, http: //www.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/02/21/clinton.china.asia/,访问时间:2019年12月10日。
Jeffrey A. Bader, Obama and China【-逻*辑*与-】apos;s Rise: An Insider【-逻*辑*与-】apos;s Account of America【-逻*辑*与-】apos;s Asia Strategy (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2012), p. 7.
参见:国务院新闻办公室:《中国互联网状况白皮书》,2010年6月8日,http://www.scio.gov.cn/tt/Document/1011194/1011194.htm,访问时间:2019年12月10日;The White House, International Strategy for Cyberspace: Prosperity, Security, and Openness in a Networked World, Washington, DC, May 2011, https: //obamawhitehouse. archives.gov/sites/default/files/rss_viewer/international_strategy_for_cyberspace.pdf,访问时间:2019年12月10日。
The White House, 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;National Security Strategy of the United States of America," December 2017, https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/NSS-Final-12-18-2017-0905.pdf,访问时间:2019年12月10日;The United States Department of Defense, 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;Summary of the 2018 National Defense Strategy of the United States of America,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; January 2018, https://dod.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/pubs/2018-National-Defense-Strategy-Summary.pdf,访问时间:2019年12月10日。
新华社:《王毅:双方同意推进以协调、合作、稳定为基调的中美关系》,2018年12月2日,http://www.xinhuanet.com/world/2018-12/02/c_1123795728.htm,访问时间:2019年12月10日;《习近平同美国总统特朗普举行会晤》,2019年6月29日,http: //www.xinhuanet.com/politics/leaders/2019-06/29/c_1124688101.htm,访问时间:2019年12月10日;Evan S. Medeiros,【-逻*辑*与-】quot;China Reacts: Assessing Beijing【-逻*辑*与-】apos;s Response to Trump【-逻*辑*与-】apos;s New China Strategy,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; China Leadership Monitor, No. 59, March 1, 2019, https://www.prcleader.org/medeiros,访问时间:2019年12月10日。
Kurt M. Campbell and Ely Ratner, 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;The China Reckoning: How Beijing Defied American Expectations,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; Foreign Affairs, Vol. 97, No. 2, 2018, pp. 60-70.
Wang Jisi, Stapleton Roy, Aaron Friedberg, et al. , 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;Did America Get China Wrong: The Engagement Debate,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; Foreign Affairs, Vol. 97, No. 4, 2018, pp. 183-195; Charles Edel, Elizabeth Economy, Zha Daojiong, et al. , 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;Is American Policy toward China Due for a 【-逻*辑*与-】apos;Reckoning’?【-逻*辑*与-】quot; The ChinaFile Conversation, February 15, 2018, http://www.chinafile.com/conversation/american-policy-toward-china-due-reckoning,访问时间:2019年12月10日;Alastair Iain Johnston, 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;The Failure of the 【-逻*辑*与-】apos;Failure of Engagement’ with China,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; The Washington Quarterly, Vol. 42, No. 2, 2019, pp.99-114.
The White House, "National Security Strategy of the United States of America,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; December 2017, https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/NSS-Final-12-18-2017-0905.pdf,访问时间:2019年12月10日。
The United States Department of Defense, Indo-Pacific Strategy Report : Preparedness, Partnerships, and Promoting a Networked Region, June 1, 2019, p.[ⅰ].
Mike Pence, 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;Remarks on the Administration【-逻*辑*与-】apos;s Policy Towards China,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; The Hudson Institute, October 4, 2018, https://www.hudson.org/events/1610-vice-president-mike-pence-s-remarks-on-the-administration-s-policy-towards-china102018,访问时间:2019年12月10日。
Nikki Haley, 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;How to Confront an Advancing Threat From China: Getting Tough on Trade Is Just the First Step,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; Foreign Affairs, July 18, 2019, https://www. foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2019-07-18/how-confront-advancing-threat-china,访问时间:2019年12月10日。
Ana Swanson, 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;A New Red Scare Is Reshaping Washington,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; The New York Times, June 20, 2019.
Michael R. Pompeo, 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;The China Challenge,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; The Hudson Institute, October 30, 2019, https://py.usembassy.gov/speech-of-secretary-of-state-michael-r-pompeo-the-china-challenge/,访问时间:2019年12月10日;【-逻*辑*与-】quot;The Lessons of 1989: Freedom and Our Future,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; Berlin, November 8, 2019, https://translations.state.gov/2019/11/08/the-lessons-of-1989-freedom-and-our-future/,访问时间:2019年12月10日。
Robert Kagan, 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;The Strongmen Strike Back,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; The Washington Post, March 15, 2019, https://beta.washingtonpost.com/news/opinions/wp/2019/03/14/feature/the-strongmen-strike-back/,访问时间:2019年12月10日;Tarun Chhabra, 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;The China Challenge, Democracy, and U.S. Grand Strategy,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; Policy Brief, The Brookings Institution, February 2019, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/FP_20190311_us_grand_strategy_chhabra.pdf,访问时间:2019年12月10日;Tarun Chhabra, Hal Brands, Ryan Hass, et al. , 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;How Will Values Shape U.S.-China Competition,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; the Brookings Institution, October 18, 2018, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/fp_20181018_us_china_transcript.pdf,访问时间:2019年12月10日。
Hal Brands, 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;Democracy vs. Authoritarianism: How Ideology Shapes Great-Power Conflict,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; Survival, Vol. 60, No. 5, 2018, pp. 61-114; Aaron L. Friedberg, 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;Competing with China,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; Survival, Vol. 60, No. 3, 2018, pp. 7-64。针对这个问题的不同观点,参见:Jessica Chen Weiss, 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;A World Safe for Autocracy? China【-逻*辑*与-】apos;s Rise and the Future of Global Politics,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; Foreign Affairs, Vol. 98, No. 4, 2019, pp. 92-102.
Christopher Walker and Jessica Ludwig, "From 【-逻*辑*与-】apos;Soft Power’ to 【-逻*辑*与-】apos;Sharp Power【-逻*辑*与-】apos; : Rising Authoritarian Influence in the Democratic World,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; in National Endowment for Democracy, Sharp Power: Rising Authoritarian Influence, December 2017, p.12, https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Sharp-Power-Rising-Authoritarian-Influence-Full-Report.pdf,访问时间:2019年12月10日。
Larry Diamond and Orville Schell, Chinese Influence 【-逻*辑*与-】amp; American Interests: Promoting Constructive Vigilance (Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 2018).
其他相关报告包括:Anastasya Lloyd-Damnjanovic, A Preliminary Study of PRC Political Influence and Interference Activities in American Higher Education(Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Kissinger Institute on China and the United States, 2018) ; Alexander Bowe, China【-逻*辑*与-】apos;s Overseas United Front Work : Background and Implications for the United States (Washington, DC: U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, 2018); Janas Parello-Plesner and Belinda Li, The Chinese Communist Party【-逻*辑*与-】apos;s Foreign Interference Operations: How the U.S. and Other Democracies Should Respond (Washington, DC: the Hudson Institute, 2018) ; Thomas G. Mahnken, Ross Babbage and Toshi Yoshihara, Countering Comprehensive Coercion : Competitive Strategies Against Authoritarian Political Warfare (Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, 2018)。中文的相关讨论参见:刘国柱:《 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;锐实力【-逻*辑*与-】quot;论与美国对话战略环境的转变》,《美国研究》2019年第2期,第88—106页。
U.S. Congressional-Executive Commission on China: "Hearing on 【-逻*辑*与-】apos;the Long Arm of China: Exporting Authoritarianism with Chinese Characteristics’,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; December 13, 2017, https://www.cecc.gov/events/hearings/the-long-arm-of-china-exporting-authoritarianism-with-chinese-characteristics,访问时间:2019年12月10日;Joel Gehrke, 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;FBI Director: Chinese Spies 【-逻*辑*与-】apos;a Whole-of-Society’ Threat to US,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; Washington Examiner, February 13, 2018, https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/fbi-director-chinese-spies-a-whole-of-society-threat-to-us,访问时间:2019年12月10日;David Nakamura and Ellen Nakashima, 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;Without Offering Evidence, Trump Accuses China of Interfering in U. S. Midterm Elections,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; The Washington Post, September 26, 2018; Mike Pence, 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;Remarks on the Administration【-逻*辑*与-】apos;s Policy Towards China,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; the Hudson Institute, October 4, 2018, https://www.hudson.org/events/1610-vice-president-mike-pence-s-remarks-on-the-admi nistration-s-policy-towards-china102018,访问时间:2019年12月10日。
Alina Polyakova and Chris Meserole, 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;Exporting Digital Authoritarianism: the Russian and Chinese Models,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; Policy Brief, the Brookings Institution, August 2019, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/FP_20190827_digital_autho ritarianism_polyakova_meserole.pdf,访问时间:2019年12月10日;U.S. House of Representatives Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, Hearing on 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;China【-逻*辑*与-】apos;s Digital Authoritarianism: Surveillance, Influence, and Political Control,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; May 16, 2019, https://docs.house.gov/meetings/IG/IG00/20190516/109462/HHRG-116-IG00-Transcript-20190516.pdf,访问时间:2019年12月10日;Paul Mozur, Jonah M. Kessel and Melissa Chan, 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;Made in China, Exported to the World: the Surveillance State,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; The New York Times, April 24, 2019; Michael Abramowitz and Michael Chertoff, 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;The Global Threat of China【-逻*辑*与-】apos;s Digital Authoritarianism,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; The Washington Post, November 1, 2018; Nicholas Wright, 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;How Artificial Intelligence Will Shape the Global Order: The Coming Competition Between Digital Authoritarianism and Liberal Democracy,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; Foreign Affairs, July 10, 2018, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/world/2018-07-10/how-artificial-intelligence-will-reshape-global-order,访问时间:2019年12月10日。
Michael Abramowitz and Michael Chertoff, 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;The Global Threat of China【-逻*辑*与-】apos;s Digital Authoritarianism,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; The Washington Post, November 1, 2018.
有关中国与国际秩序的讨论,参见:王缉思:《【-逻*辑*与-】quot;同一个世界,同一个梦想【-逻*辑*与-】quot;———中国与国际秩序》,北京大学国际战略研究院:《中国国际战略评论2015》,北京:世界知识出版社,2015年,第1—11页;达巍:《【-逻*辑*与-】quot;自由国际秩序【-逻*辑*与-】quot;的前路与中国的战略机遇期》,《全球秩序》2018年第1期,第90—105页;傅莹:《坚持合作安全、共同发展、政治包容,携手构建人类命运共同体》,《人民日报》2017年5月16日,第8版;Alastair Iain Johnston,【-逻*辑*与-】quot;China in a World of Orders: Rethinking Compliance and Challenge in Beijing【-逻*辑*与-】apos;s International Relations,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; International Security, Vol. 44, No. 2, 2019, pp. 9-60; Michael J. Mazarr, Timothy R. Heath and Astrid Stuth Cevallos, China and the International Order(Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2018).
例如,【-逻*辑*与-】quot;自由主义国际秩序【-逻*辑*与-】quot;理论的集大成者约翰·伊肯伯里在其书中说道:【-逻*辑*与-】quot;中国和俄罗斯尚未完全融入自由主义国际秩序,但是它们亦从中受益。它们或许不会很快甚至永远不会彻底转变为自由主义国家,但是自由主义国际秩序扩展性和整合性的逻辑为它们提供了如此转变的动机……自由主义国家作为一个整体构成了自由主义秩序的规则、制度和进步性目标的最终维护者。【-逻*辑*与-】quot; G. John Ikenberry, Liberal Leviathan : The Origins, Crisis, and Transformation of the American World Order (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2011) , pp. 9-10.
The White House, 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;Remarks by President Trump to the 74th Session of the United Nations General Assembly,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; September 25, 2019, New York, https://www. whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-74th-session-united-nations-general-assembly/,访问时间:2019年12月10日。
有研究表明,20世纪以来不同性质的政治制度(民主制度、共产主义制度、法西斯制度等)在实践中被接纳实施是以【-逻*辑*与-】quot;浪潮【-逻*辑*与-】quot;的形式出现的,而这些【-逻*辑*与-】quot;浪潮【-逻*辑*与-】quot;与主张不同意识形态的大国的兴衰有着密切关系。Seva Gunitsky, Aftershocks: Great Powers and Domestic Reforms in the Twentieth Century (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2017)。中美之间不太可能出现此书中所描述的20世纪那样的剧烈的权力转移,但是中国的崛起和美国的相对衰落也会对不同的政治制度和意识形态有相对温和的类似影响。
有关中美之间所谓【-逻*辑*与-】quot;新冷战【-逻*辑*与-】quot;的讨论,参见:Harvey M. Sapolsky,【-逻*辑*与-】quot;Continuity and Change in a Second Cold War,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; China International Strategy Review, 2019, https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s42533-019-00021-y,访问时间:2019年12月10日;Melvyn P. Leffler,【-逻*辑*与-】quot;China Isn【-逻*辑*与-】apos;t the Soviet Union. Confusing the Two Is Dangerous,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; The Atlantic, December 2, 2019, https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/12/cold-war-china-purely-optional/601969/,访问时间:2019年12月10日;Niall Ferguson,【-逻*辑*与-】quot;The New Cold War? It【-逻*辑*与-】apos;s With China, and It Has Already Begun,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; New York Times, December 2, 2019; Odd Arne Westad, "The Sources of Chinese Conduct: Are Washington and Beijing Fighting a New Cold War?【-逻*辑*与-】quot; Foreign Affairs, Vol. 98, No. 5, 2019, pp. 86-95; Charles Edel and Hal Brands,【-逻*辑*与-】quot;The Real Origins of the U.S.-China Cold War,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; Foreign Policy, June 2, 2019, https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/06/02/the-real-origins-of-the-u-s-china-cold-war-big-think-communism/,访问时间:2019年12月10日;Ali Wyne, Yuen Yuen Ang, Lindsey Ford, et al.,【-逻*辑*与-】quot;Is This the Beginning of a New Cold War?【-逻*辑*与-】quot; The ChinaFile Conversation, December 11, 2018, http://www.chinafile. com/conversation/beginning-of-new-cold-war,访问时间:2019年12月10日;Iskander Rehman, Michael Auslin, Robert Ayson, et al. ,【-逻*辑*与-】quot;Policy Roundtable: Are the United States and China in a New Cold War?【-逻*辑*与-】quot; Texas National Security Review, May 15, 2018, https://2llqix3cnhb21kcxpr2u9o1k-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/TNSR_U.S.-China-Cold-War-Roundtable.pdf,访问时间:2019年12月10日;沈志华、余伟民:《斯大林是怎样掉入【-逻*辑*与-】quot;修昔底德陷阱【-逻*辑*与-】quot;的———战后苏美从合作走向对抗的路径和原因》,《俄罗斯研究》2019年第1期,第3—20页;杨洁勉:《不会有新的冷战!》,《中美聚焦》2018年11月22日,http://cn.chinausfocus.com/foreign-policy/20181122/34604. html,访问时间:2019年12月10日;赵明昊:《从【-逻*辑*与-】quot;新冷战论【-逻*辑*与-】quot;看中美关系面临的主要挑战》,《现代国际关系》2018年第6期,第17—19页;何亚非:《中美会进入【-逻*辑*与-】quot;冷战【-逻*辑*与-】quot;吗?》,《中美聚焦》2018年7月3日,http://cn.chinausfocus.com/foreign-policy/20180703/30201.html,访问时间:2019年12月10日;达巍:《中美关系:走向【-逻*辑*与-】quot;新冷战【-逻*辑*与-】quot;还是战略稳定?》,北京大学国际战略研究院:《中国国际战略评论2015》,北京:世界知识出版社,2015年,第30—42页。
Ali Wyne, Yuen Yuen Ang, Evan Medeiros, et al. , 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;Is This the Beginning of a New Cold War?【-逻*辑*与-】quot; The ChinaFile Conversation, December 11, 2018, http://www. chinafile.com/conversation/beginning-of-new-cold-war,访问时间:2019年12月10日。
Robert A. Dahl, Pluralist Democracy in the United States: Conflict and Consent (Chicago, IL: Rand McNally 【-逻*辑*与-】amp; Company, 1967), p. 357.
Michael H. Hunt, The Making of a Special Relationship: The United States and China to 1914 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1983); Ideology and U. S. Foreign Policy (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1987).
少数美国学者已经意识到这一点,参见:Steven Weber and Bruce W. Jentleson, The End of Arrogance: America in the Global Competition of Ideas (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2010).事实上,美国所倡导的意识形态仍然占有巨大的优势地位。参见:Bentley B. Allan, Srdjan Vucetic and Ted Hopf, 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;The Distribution of Identity and the Future of International Order: China【-逻*辑*与-】apos;s Hegemonic Prospects," International Organization, Vol. 72, No. 4, 2018, pp. 839-869.
Mary L. Dudziak, Cold War Civil Rights: Race and the Image of American Democracy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000), pp. 101-102.
王缉思:《如何判断美国对华政策的转变》,《环球时报》2019年6月13日;Richard N. Haas, Foreign Policy Begins at Home: The Case for Putting America【-逻*辑*与-】apos;s House in Order (New York: Basic Books, 2013).
The White House, 【-逻*辑*与-】quot;Remarks by President Trump to the 74th Session of the United Nations General Assembly,【-逻*辑*与-】quot; September 25, 2019, https://www.whitehouse. gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-74th-session-united-nations-general-assembly/,访问时间:2019年12月10日。